(1) Leaves were exstipulate, coriaceous , and hypostomatous, and typically had wavy, glandular margins.(2) These species are easily recognizable small plants having coriaceous leaves and short inflorescences bearing shiny vinaceous to yellowish rewardless flowers with Type 1 pollinarium (bearing tegular stipes).(3) In addition, the structure of the foliage favors the use of nutrients by a long active life, the retransport of certain nutrients before leaf shedding, and a high polyphenol content and coriaceous nature which reduce herbivory.(4) External cataphylls of lateral winter buds were round and coriaceous .
